{"id":436,"date":"2011-02-07T20:09:52","date_gmt":"2011-02-07T20:09:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/?p=436"},"modified":"2012-06-24T15:59:10","modified_gmt":"2012-06-24T13:59:10","slug":"%d5%b8%d5%b9%d5%b6%d5%b9%d5%a1%d5%ba%d5%a1%d5%b7%d5%bf%d5%b8%d6%82%d5%a9%d5%ab%d6%82%d5%b6-nihilism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/?p=436","title":{"rendered":"\u0548\u0549\u0546\u0549\u0531\u054a\u0531\u0547\u054f\u0548\u0552\u0539\u053b\u0552\u0546 Nihilism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0548\u0549\u0546\u0549\u0531\u054a\u0531\u0547\u054f\u0548\u0552\u0539\u053b\u0552\u0546<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Nihilism<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/Nihilism.bmp\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-344 aligncenter\" title=\"Nihilism\" src=\"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/Nihilism.bmp\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0548\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u0561\u0575\u0576 \u0570\u0561\u0574\u0578\u0566\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0576 \u0567, \u0578\u0580 \u0562\u0578\u056c\u0578\u0580 \u0561\u0580\u056a\u0567\u0584\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0568 \u0561\u0576\u0570\u056b\u0574\u0576 \u0565\u0576 \u0565\u0582 \u0569\u0567 \u0578\u0579\u056b\u0576\u0579 \u056f\u0561\u0580\u0565\u056c\u056b \u0567 \u0563\u056b\u057f\u0576\u0561\u056c \u056f\u0561\u0574 \u0570\u0561\u0572\u0578\u0580\u0564\u0561\u056f\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0561\u057c\u0561\u0580\u056f\u0561\u0575 \u0564\u0561\u0580\u0571\u0576\u0565\u056c: \u0531\u0576 \u0575\u0561\u0573\u0561\u056d \u056f\u0568 \u0566\u0578\u0582\u0563\u0578\u0580\u0564\u0578\u0582\u056b \u056e\u0561\u0575\u0580\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0572 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\u0578\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0569\u0565\u0574\u0561\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0568\u055d \u0570\u0561\u0574\u0561\u057f\u0561\u0580\u0561\u056e\u00a0 \u0571\u0561\u056d\u0578\u0580\u0564\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576, \u0561\u0580\u056a\u0561\u0576\u056b\u0584\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0582 \u0561\u0580\u056a\u0565\u0566\u0580\u056f\u0578\u0582\u0574 \u0565\u0582 \u057f\u056b\u0565\u0566\u0565\u0580\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0561\u0576\u0576\u057a\u0561\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576 \u0566\u0562\u0561\u0572\u0565\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0581 \u0561\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0565\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0563\u0567\u057f\u0576\u0565\u0580, \u0568\u0576\u056f\u0565\u0580\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576 \u0584\u0576\u0576\u0561\u0564\u0561\u057f\u0576\u0565\u0580 \u0565\u0582 \u0583\u056b\u056c\u056b\u057d\u0578\u0583\u0561\u0576\u0565\u0580:<\/p>\n<p>\u00abNihilism\u00bb 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\u057f\u0561\u0580\u0562\u0565\u0580 \u0571\u0565\u0582\u0565\u0580\u0578\u057e. <strong>\u0554\u0561\u0572\u0561\u0584\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0548\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568<\/strong> \u056f\u0561\u057a\u0578\u0582\u0561\u056e \u0567 \u0561\u0575\u0576 \u0570\u0561\u0574\u0578\u0566\u0578\u0582\u0574\u056b\u0576 \u0570\u0565\u057f, \u0569\u0567 \u0563\u0578\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576 \u0578\u0582\u0576\u0565\u0581\u0578\u0572 \u0576\u0565\u0580\u056f\u0561\u0575 \u0584\u0561\u0572\u0561\u0584\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576, \u0568\u0576\u056f\u0565\u0580\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576 \u0565\u0582 \u056f\u0580\u0585\u0576\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0562\u0578\u056c\u0578\u0580 \u056f\u0561\u0580\u0563\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0582 \u0561\u0582\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0568 \u0561\u0576\u0570\u0580\u0561\u056a\u0565\u0577\u057f \u0567 \u0561\u057a\u0561\u0563\u0561\u0575 \u0578\u0580\u0565\u0582\u0567 \u0575\u0561\u057c\u0561\u057b\u0564\u056b\u0574\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0570\u0561\u0574\u0561\u0580: <strong>\u0532\u0561\u0580\u0578\u0575\u0561\u0563\u056b\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0548\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 <\/strong>\u056f\u0568 \u0574\u0565\u0580\u056a\u0567 \u0562\u0561\u0580\u0578\u0575\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u056f\u0561\u057f\u0561\u0580\u0565\u0561\u056c \u0561\u0580\u056a\u0567\u0584\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0582 \u0563\u0578\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568, \u0583\u0578\u056d\u0561\u0580\u0567\u0576\u0568\u055d \u056c\u0561\u0582 \u0578\u0582 \u057e\u0561\u057f\u056b \u0570\u0561\u057d\u056f\u0561\u0581\u0578\u0572\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u0561\u0572\u0585\u057f \u0567 \u0565\u0582 \u0561\u057d\u0578\u0576\u0581 \u056f\u0561\u057a\u0578\u0582\u0561\u056e \u0561\u0574\u0567\u0576 \u056b\u0576\u0579\u055d \u0578\u0579\u056b\u0576\u0579, \u0562\u0561\u0581\u056b \u0568\u0576\u056f\u0565\u0580\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576 \u0565\u0582 \u057e\u0580\u0564\u0578\u057e\u0565\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0581\u056b\u0579 \u0573\u0576\u0577\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0576\u0565\u0580 \u0568\u056c\u056c\u0561\u056c\u0567: <strong>\u0533\u0578\u0575\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576<\/strong> <strong>\u0548\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568<\/strong> \u0561\u0575\u0576 \u0574\u056b\u057f\u0584\u0576 \u0567, \u0569\u0567 \u056f\u0565\u0561\u0576\u0584\u0568 \u0578\u0579 \u0574\u0567\u056f \u056b\u0580\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u056b\u0574\u0561\u057d\u057f \u056f\u0561\u0574 \u0561\u0580\u056a\u0567\u0584 \u0578\u0582\u0576\u056b \u0565\u0582 \u0561\u0576\u056f\u0561\u057d\u056f\u0561\u056e \u0561\u0575\u057d \u0570\u0561\u0574\u0578\u0566\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0576 \u0561\u056c \u0576\u0565\u0580\u056f\u0561\u0575\u056b\u057d \u0563\u0578\u0580\u056e\u0561\u056e\u0578\u0582\u0561\u056e \u0565\u0582 \u0568\u0576\u056f\u0561\u056c\u0578\u0582\u0561\u056e \u0561\u0574\u0567\u0576\u0567\u0576 \u0568\u0576\u0564\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0580\u0561\u0581\u0561\u056e \u056b\u0574\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0576 \u0567:\u00a0\u0538\u057d\u057f \u054d\u0569\u0568\u0580\u0576\u0568\u0580\u056b \u0561\u0576\u0570\u0561\u057f\u056b \u0574\u0568 \u0561\u0566\u0561\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0571\u0565\u057c\u0584\u0562\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0568 \u0574\u056b\u0561\u056f \u0585\u0580\u0567\u0576\u0584\u0576 \u0567, \u056b\u057d\u056f \u057a\u0565\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568, \u0578\u0580 \u0561\u0576\u057a\u0561\u0575\u0574\u0561\u0576\u0585\u0580\u0567\u0576 \u0574\u0561\u0580\u0564\u056f\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576 \u0561\u0566\u0561\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u056f\u0568 \u056d\u0578\u0579\u0568\u0576\u0564\u0578\u057f\u0567, \u057a\u0567\u057f\u0584 \u0567 \u0584\u0561\u0576\u0564\u0578\u0582\u056b: \u054f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0582\u056b\u0576, \u057a\u0565\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0573\u0576\u0577\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0567\u0576 \u0561\u0576\u0564\u056b\u0576, \u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0576\u0561\u0565\u0582 \u0561\u0575\u056c \u0574\u0561\u0580\u0564\u0578\u0581 \u057a\u0561\u0580\u057f\u0561\u0564\u0580\u0561\u056e \u0561\u0580\u0563\u0565\u056c\u0584\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0568, \u0578\u0580\u0578\u057e\u0570\u0565\u057f\u0565\u0582 \u0561\u0576\u0578\u0576\u0581 \u0563\u0578\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0576 \u056b\u057d\u056f \u0561\u0576\u0570\u0561\u057f\u056b \u0561\u0566\u0561\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0561\u0580\u0563\u0565\u056c\u0584 \u0567: \u0531\u0575\u057d\u057a\u0567\u057d, \u054d\u0569\u0568\u0580\u0576\u0568\u0580 \u056f\u0568 \u0584\u0576\u0576\u0561\u0580\u056f\u0567 \u0569\u0567 \u0563\u0578\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u0561\u0576\u057e\u0565\u0580\u057b \u00ab\u057a\u0561\u057f\u0565\u0580\u0561\u0566\u0574 \u0567\u055d \u0574\u0567\u056f\u0568 \u0562\u0578\u056c\u0578\u0580\u056b\u0576 \u0564\u0567\u0574\u00bb:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0556\u0580\u0567\u057f\u0580\u056b\u0584 \u0546\u056b\u0579\u0567\u0576 \u0565\u0582 \u0548\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0532\u0578\u056c\u0578\u0580 \u0583\u056b\u056c\u056b\u057d\u0578\u0583\u0561\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0576 \u0574\u0567\u057b, \u0556\u0580\u0567\u057f\u0580\u056b\u0584 \u0546\u056b\u0579\u0567\u056b \u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u0561\u0574\u0567\u0576\u0567\u0576 \u0575\u0561\u0573\u0561\u056d \u0561\u057c\u0576\u0579\u0578\u0582\u0561\u056e \u0567 \u0578\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0570\u0565\u057f: \u0538\u057d\u057f \u0546\u056b\u0579\u0567\u056b, 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\u0567\u00bb:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0533\u0578\u0575\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0548\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0533\u0578\u0575\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0578\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u057d\u056f\u056b\u0566\u0562 \u056f\u055b\u0561\u057c\u0576\u0567 \u0561\u0575\u0576 \u0563\u0561\u0572\u0561\u0583\u0561\u0580\u0567\u0576, \u0569\u0567 \u0561\u0577\u056d\u0561\u0580\u0570\u0568 \u0561\u0576\u056b\u0574\u0561\u057d\u057f \u0567 \u0565\u0582 \u0561\u0576\u0576\u057a\u0561\u057f\u0561\u056f: \u0531\u0575\u057d \u057a\u0561\u0575\u0574\u0561\u0576\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0576 \u0576\u0565\u0580\u0584\u0565\u0582, \u0563\u0578\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u056b\u0576\u0584\u0576\u056b\u0576 (\u0577\u0561\u0580\u056a\u0578\u0582\u0574, \u0579\u0561\u0580\u0579\u0561\u0580\u0561\u0576\u0584 \u0565\u0582 \u0566\u0563\u0561\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0574) \u056b \u057e\u0565\u0580\u057b\u0578\u0575 \u0561\u0576\u056b\u0574\u0561\u057d\u057f \u0567 \u0565\u0582 \u0578\u0582\u0576\u0561\u0575\u0576: \u0537\u056c\u0568\u0576 \u0553\u0580\u0567\u0569 \u0581\u0578\u0575\u0581 \u057f\u0578\u0582\u0561\u0582, \u0569\u0567 \u0563\u0578\u0575\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0578\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568, \u0561\u0575\u057d \u056f\u0561\u0574 \u0561\u0575\u0576 \u0571\u0565\u0582\u0578\u057e, \u0531\u0580\u0565\u0582\u0574\u057f\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0574\u057f\u0561\u0582\u0578\u0580\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0561\u0582\u0561\u0576\u0564\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576 \u0574\u0568 \u0565\u0572\u0561\u056e \u0567 \u057d\u056f\u056b\u0566\u0562\u0567\u0576 \u056b \u057e\u0565\u0580: \u0553\u056b\u056c\u056b\u057d\u0578\u0583\u0561\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0568 \u0584\u0576\u0576\u0561\u0580\u056f\u0565\u0581\u056b\u0576, \u0569\u0567 \u0578\u0580\u0578\u057e\u0570\u0565\u057f\u0565\u0582 \u0569\u0577\u0578\u0582\u0561\u057c\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0568 \u0574\u0565\u056e\u0561\u057a\u0567\u057d \u056f\u0568 \u0563\u0565\u0580\u0561\u056f\u0577\u057c\u0565\u0576 \u0570\u0561\u0573\u0578\u0575\u0584\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0568, \u0578\u0582\u0580\u0561\u056d\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u0561\u0576\u056f\u0561\u0580\u0565\u056c\u056b \u0567\u055d \u0570\u0565\u057f\u0565\u0582\u0561\u0562\u0561\u0580 \u0561\u0576\u0578\u0576\u0584 \u057b\u0561\u057f\u0561\u0563\u0578\u057e\u0565\u0581\u056b\u0576 \u0561\u0576\u0571\u0576\u0561\u057d\u057a\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568:<\/p>\n<p>20\u0580\u0564 \u0564\u0561\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0576 \u0561\u0576\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0561\u056e\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0563\u0578\u0575\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0577\u0561\u0580\u056a\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0568, \u0578\u0580 \u0570\u057c\u0579\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0582\u0578\u0580 \u0567\u0580 \u0556\u0580\u0561\u0576\u057d\u0561\u0575\u056b \u0574\u0567\u057b 1940-50\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0569\u0578\u0582\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0576, \u057a\u0561\u057f\u0561\u057d\u056d\u0561\u0576\u0561\u057f\u0578\u0582 \u0567\u0580 \u0563\u0578\u0575\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0578\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0563\u0561\u0572\u0561\u0583\u0561\u0580\u056b\u0576, \u056b\u0580 \u0568\u0576\u0564\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0580 \u056b\u0574\u0561\u057d\u057f\u056b\u0576 \u0574\u0567\u057b: \u0535\u0580\u0562 \u056f\u0568 \u056c\u0584\u0565\u0576\u0584 \u057a\u0561\u057f\u0580\u0561\u0576\u0584\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0568, \u056f\u0565\u0561\u0576\u0584\u0568 \u056f\u0568 \u0576\u0565\u0580\u056f\u0561\u0575\u0561\u0576\u0561\u0575 \u0578\u0580\u057a\u0567\u057d \u0578\u0579\u056b\u0576\u0579, \u0565\u0582 \u0568\u057d\u057f \u0563\u0578\u0575\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0576\u055d \u0578\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u0578\u0579 \u0574\u056b\u0561\u0575\u0576 \u056f\u0561\u057f\u0561\u0580\u0565\u0561\u056c \u0561\u0566\u0561\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0561\u0572\u0562\u056b\u0582\u0580 \u0567, \u0561\u0575\u056c\u0565\u0582\u055d \u0563\u0578\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0576\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u057e\u0561\u056d\u056b \u0565\u0582 \u0566\u0563\u0561\u0581\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u056d\u0578\u0580 \u0581\u0561\u0582\u056b: \u0548\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u056b\u0582\u0580\u0561\u0584\u0561\u0576\u0579\u056b\u0582\u0580 \u0561\u0576\u0570\u0561\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576 \u056f\u0568 \u0576\u056f\u0561\u057f\u0567 \u0561\u057c\u0561\u0576\u0571\u0576\u0561\u0581\u0561\u056e \u0567\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576 \u0574\u0568, \u0576\u0565\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0561\u056e \u0585\u057f\u0561\u0580 \u0565\u0582 \u0561\u0576\u057a\u0561\u057f\u0561\u057d\u056d\u0561\u0576\u0561\u057f\u0578\u0582 \u057f\u056b\u0565\u0566\u0565\u0580\u0584\u056b \u0574\u0568 \u0574\u0567\u057b, \u0575\u0561\u0582\u056b\u057f\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0566\u0580\u056f\u0578\u0582\u0561\u056e \u0561\u0575\u0576 \u0574\u056b\u057f\u0584\u0567\u0576, \u0569\u0567 \u056b\u0576\u0579\u0578\u0582 \u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0582\u056b\u0576 \u056f\u0568 \u057a\u0561\u0570\u0561\u0576\u057b\u0578\u0582\u056b \u0574\u0565\u0566\u0574\u0567 (\u056f\u0565\u0561\u0576\u0584\u056b) \u056b\u0574\u0561\u057d\u057f \u0570\u0576\u0561\u0580\u0565\u056c:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0535\u0566\u0580\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0534\u0561\u0580\u0567 \u0574\u0568 \u0561\u0582\u0565\u056c\u056b \u0561\u0576\u0581\u0561\u056e \u0567 \u0561\u0575\u0576 \u0585\u0580\u0567\u0576, \u0565\u0580\u0562 \u0546\u056b\u0579\u0567 \u0570\u0565\u057f\u0561\u056d\u0578\u0582\u0566\u0565\u0581 \u0578\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u0565\u0582 \u0561\u0576\u0578\u0580 \u0561\u057c\u0576\u0579\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0568 \u0584\u0561\u0572\u0561\u0584\u0561\u056f\u0580\u0569\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0570\u0565\u057f: \u053b\u0576\u0579\u057a\u0567\u057d \u056b\u0576\u0584 \u0563\u0578\u0582\u0577\u0561\u056f\u0561\u056e \u0567\u0580,\u00a0 \u0578\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0561\u0566\u0564\u0565\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u0574\u0577\u0561\u056f\u0578\u0575\u0569\u056b \u0565\u0582 20\u0580\u0564 \u0564\u0561\u0580\u0578\u0582 \u0561\u0580\u056a\u0567\u0584\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0576 \u057e\u0580\u0561\u0575 \u0569\u0561\u0583\u0561\u0576\u0581\u056b\u056f \u0567, \u0561\u0576\u0578\u0580 \u0584\u0585\u0572\u0561\u0566\u0565\u0580\u056e\u0578\u0572 \u056f\u0565\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0561\u056e\u0584\u0568 \u057f\u056d\u0578\u0582\u0580 \u057f\u0580\u0561\u0574\u0561\u0564\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576 \u0574\u0568 \u056f\u055b\u0561\u057c\u0569\u0567 \u0565\u0582 \u0562\u0561\u0582\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0584\u0561\u0576\u0561\u056f\u0578\u057e \u0574\u057f\u0561\u0570\u0578\u0563\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576, \u057b\u0572\u0561\u0575\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576 \u0565\u0582 \u057d\u0561\u0580\u057d\u0561\u0583: \u0540\u0565\u057f\u0561\u0584\u0580\u0584\u0580\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576\u0585\u0580\u0567\u0576, \u0546\u056b\u0579\u0567 \u0561\u0576\u0571\u0576\u0561\u057a\u0567\u057d, \u0561\u0580\u0574\u0561\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u056f\u0561\u057d\u056f\u0561\u056e\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f \u0574\u0568, \u0578\u0580 \u056b\u0576\u0584\u0566\u056b\u0576\u0584 \u056d\u0578\u0580\u0561\u057a\u0567\u057d \u0566\u0562\u0561\u0572\u0565\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0581\u0561\u056e \u0567\u0580 \u056c\u0565\u0566\u0578\u0582\u056b, \u0563\u056b\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0565\u0582 \u056b\u0580\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0562\u0576\u0561\u0563\u0561\u0582\u0561\u057c\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0578\u057e, \u0563\u0578\u0582\u0577\u0561\u056f\u0565\u0581 \u0575\u0565\u057f\u0561\u0580\u0564\u056b\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0577\u0561\u057f \u0574\u0568 \u0569\u0565\u0574\u0561\u0576\u0565\u0580:<\/p>\n<p>\u0555\u0563\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0580 \u0567 \u0576\u0577\u0565\u056c, \u0569\u0567 \u0561\u0576 \u0570\u0561\u0582\u0561\u057f\u0561\u0581, \u0578\u0580 \u056b \u057e\u0565\u0580\u057b\u0578\u0575 \u056f\u0580\u0576\u0561\u0576\u0584 \u00a0\u0564\u0578\u0582\u0580\u057d \u0563\u0561\u056c \u0578\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0576\u0567\u0576: \u0535\u0569\u0567 \u057e\u0565\u0580\u0561\u057a\u0580\u0565\u0581\u0576\u0565\u0576\u0584 \u0561\u0577\u056d\u0561\u0580\u0570\u056b \u0562\u0578\u056c\u0578\u0580 \u0574\u0565\u056f\u0576\u0561\u0562\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0578\u0582 \u0584\u0561\u0576\u0564\u0578\u0582\u0574\u056b \u0563\u0578\u0580\u056e\u0578\u0572\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568\u055d \u0561\u0575\u0576 \u056a\u0561\u0574\u0561\u0576\u0561\u056f \u0569\u0565\u0580\u0565\u0582\u057d \u056f\u0568 \u0575\u0561\u0575\u057f\u0576\u0561\u0562\u0565\u0580\u0565\u0576\u0584 \u0573\u0577\u0574\u0561\u0580\u056b\u057f \u0573\u0561\u0576\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0580\u0570\u0568 \u0574\u0561\u0580\u0564\u056f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0570\u0561\u0574\u0561\u0580:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nihilism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211;<\/strong>Nihilism is the belief that<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated<\/span>. It is often associated with <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">extreme pessimism <\/span>and a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">radical skepticism <\/span>that <em>condemns existence<\/em>. A true nihilist would believe in nothing, have no loyalties, and no purpose other than, perhaps, an impulse to destroy. While few philosophers would claim to be nihilists, nihilism is most often associated with Friedrich Nietzsche who argued that its corrosive effects would eventually destroy all moral, religious, and metaphysical convictions and precipitate the greatest crisis in human history. In the 20th century, nihilistic themes&#8211;epistemological failure, value destruction, and cosmic purposelessness&#8211;have preoccupied artists, social critics, and philosophers. By the end of the century, existential despair as a response to nihilism gave way to an attitude of indifference, often associated with antifoundationalism.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00a0Origins<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Nihilism&#8221; comes from the Latin<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> nihil, or nothing<\/span>, which means<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> not anything<\/span>, that which does not exist. It appears in the verb &#8220;<em>annihilate<\/em>,&#8221; meaning to bring to nothing, to destroy completely.<\/p>\n<p>In Russia,\u00a0 revolutionary movement (C.1860-1917) that rejected the authority of the state, church, and family.\u00a0 The movement advocated a social arrangement based on rationalism and materialism as the sole source of knowledge and individual freedom as the highest goal. By rejecting man&#8217;s <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">spiritual<\/span> essence in favor of a solely <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">materialistic<\/span> one, nihilists denounced <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">God and religious authority as antithetical to freedom<\/span>. The movement eventually deteriorated into an ethos of subversion, destruction, and anarchy, and by the late 1870s, a nihilist was anyone associated with clandestine political groups advocating terrorism and assassination.<\/p>\n<p>Because they denied the possibility of certainty, Skeptics could denounce traditional truths as unjustifiable opinions. When Demosthenes (c.371-322 BC), for example, observes that &#8220;What he wished to believe, that is what each man believes&#8221; (Olynthiac), he posits the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">relational nature of knowledge<\/span>. Extreme skepticism, then, is linked to <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">epistemological nihilism <\/span>which denies the possibility of knowledge and truth; this form of nihilism is currently identified with <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">postmodern antifoundationalism<\/span>. Nihilism, in fact, can be understood in several different ways. <strong>Political Nihilism, <\/strong>as noted, is associated with the belief that the destruction of all existing political, social, and religious order is a prerequisite for any future improvement. <strong>Ethical nihilism <\/strong>or moral nihilism rejects the possibility of absolute moral or ethical values. Instead, good and evil are nebulous, and values addressing such are the product of nothing more than social and emotive pressures. <strong>Existential nihilism <\/strong>is the notion that life has no intrinsic meaning or value, and it is, no doubt, the most commonly used and understood sense of the word today.<\/p>\n<p>For Stirner, achieving individual freedom is the only law; and the state, which necessarily imperils freedom, must be destroyed. Even beyond the oppression of the state, though, are the constraints imposed by others because their very existence is an obstacle compromising individual freedom. Thus Stirner argues that <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">existence is an endless &#8220;war of each against all&#8221; <\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00a0Friedrich Nietzsche and Nihilism<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Among philosophers, Friedrich Nietzsche is most often associated with nihilism. For Nietzsche, there is no objective order or structure in the world except what we give it. Penetrating the fa\u057bades buttressing convictions, the nihilist discovers that all values are baseless and that reason is impotent. &#8220;Every belief, every considering something-true,&#8221; Nietzsche writes, &#8220;is necessarily false because there is simply no true world&#8221; . For him, nihilism requires a radical repudiation of all imposed values and meaning: &#8220;Nihilism is . . . not only the belief that everything deserves to perish; but one actually puts one&#8217;s shoulder to the plough; one destroys&#8221; (Will to Power).<\/p>\n<p>The caustic strength of nihilism is absolute, Nietzsche argues, and under its withering scrutiny &#8220;the highest values devalue themselves. The aim is lacking, and &#8216;Why&#8217; finds no answer&#8221; (Will to Power). Inevitably, nihilism will expose all cherished beliefs and sacrosanct truths as symptoms of a defective Western mythos. This collapse of meaning, relevance, and purpose will be the most destructive force in history, constituting a total assault on reality and nothing less than the greatest crisis of humanity.<\/p>\n<p>Faustian nihilist &#8220;shatters the ideals&#8221;; the Apollinian nihilist &#8220;watches them crumble before his eyes&#8221;; and the Indian nihilist &#8220;withdraws from their presence into himself.&#8221;<strong> Withdrawal<\/strong>, for instance, often identified with the negation of reality and resignation advocated by Eastern religions, is in the West associated with various versions of epicureanism and stoicism.<\/p>\n<p>In 1927, Martin Heidegger,\u00a0 observed that nihilism in various and hidden forms was already &#8220;the normal state of man&#8221; (The Question of Being). Other philosopher Helmut Thielicke wrote that &#8220;Nihilism literally has only one truth to declare, namely, that ultimately Nothingness prevails and the world is meaningless&#8221; .<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00a0Existential Nihilism<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Existential nihilism begins with the notion that the world is without meaning or purpose. Given this circumstance, existence itself&#8211;all action, suffering, and feeling&#8211;is ultimately senseless and empty.<\/p>\n<p>Alan Pratt demonstrates that existential nihilism, in one form or another, has been a part of the Western intellectual tradition from the beginning. The Skeptic Empedocles&#8217; observation that &#8220;the life of mortals is so mean a thing as to be virtually un-life,&#8221; for instance, embodies the same kind of extreme pessimism associated with existential nihilism. Because miseries vastly outnumber pleasures, happiness is impossible, the philosopher argues, and subsequently advocates suicide.<\/p>\n<p>In the twentieth century, it&#8217;s the atheistic existentialist movement, popularized in France in the 1940s and 50s, that is responsible for the currency of existential nihilism in the popular consciousness. Jean-Paul Sartre&#8217;s (1905-1980) defining preposition for the movement,<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> &#8220;existence precedes essence<\/span>,&#8221; rules out any ground or foundation for establishing an essential self or a human nature. When we abandon illusions, life is revealed as nothing; and for the existentialists, nothingness is the source of not only absolute freedom but also existential horror and emotional anguish. <strong>Nothingness<\/strong> reveals each individual as an isolated being &#8220;thrown&#8221; into an alien and unresponsive universe, barred forever from knowing why yet required to invent meaning. It&#8217;s a situation that&#8217;s nothing short of absurd.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00a0Conclusion<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It has been over a century now since Nietzsche explored nihilism and its implications for civilization. As he predicted, nihilism&#8217;s impact on the culture and values of the 20th century has been pervasive, its apocalyptic tenor spawning a mood of gloom and a good deal of anxiety, anger, and terror. Interestingly, Nietzsche himself, a radical skeptic preoccupied with language, knowledge, and truth, anticipated many of the themes of postmodernity. It&#8217;s helpful to note, then, that he believed we could&#8211;at a terrible price&#8211;eventually work through nihilism. If we survived the process of destroying all interpretations of the world, we could then perhaps discover the correct course for humankind:<\/p>\n<p>I praise, I do not reproach, [nihilism&#8217;s] arrival. I believe it is one of the greatest crises, a moment of the deepest self-reflection of humanity. Whether man recovers from it, whether he becomes master of this crisis, is a question of his strength. It is possible. . . .\u00a0<strong><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0548\u0549\u0546\u0549\u0531\u054a\u0531\u0547\u054f\u0548\u0552\u0539\u053b\u0552\u0546 Nihilism \u0548\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u0561\u0575\u0576 \u0570\u0561\u0574\u0578\u0566\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0576 \u0567, \u0578\u0580 \u0562\u0578\u056c\u0578\u0580 \u0561\u0580\u056a\u0567\u0584\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0568 \u0561\u0576\u0570\u056b\u0574\u0576 \u0565\u0576 \u0565\u0582 \u0569\u0567 \u0578\u0579\u056b\u0576\u0579 \u056f\u0561\u0580\u0565\u056c\u056b \u0567 \u0563\u056b\u057f\u0576\u0561\u056c \u056f\u0561\u0574 \u0570\u0561\u0572\u0578\u0580\u0564\u0561\u056f\u0581\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0561\u057c\u0561\u0580\u056f\u0561\u0575 \u0564\u0561\u0580\u0571\u0576\u0565\u056c: \u0531\u0576 \u0575\u0561\u0573\u0561\u056d \u056f\u0568 \u0566\u0578\u0582\u0563\u0578\u0580\u0564\u0578\u0582\u056b \u056e\u0561\u0575\u0580\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0572 \u0575\u0578\u057c\u0565\u057f\u0565\u057d\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0565\u0582 \u0561\u0580\u0574\u0561\u057f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u056f\u0561\u057d\u056f\u0561\u056e\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0565\u0561\u0576 \u0570\u0565\u057f, \u0578\u0580 \u0568\u0576\u0564\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0580\u0561\u057a\u0567\u057d \u0563\u0578\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568 \u056f\u0568 \u0564\u0561\u057f\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0580\u057f\u0567: \u053b\u057d\u056f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0578\u0579\u0576\u0579\u0561\u057a\u0561\u0577\u057f \u0574\u0568 \u0578\u0579\u056b\u0576\u0579\u056b \u056f\u0568 \u0570\u0561\u0582\u0561\u057f\u0561\u0575, \u0570\u0561\u0582\u0561\u057f\u0561\u0574\u0584\u0576\u0565\u0580 \u0579\u0578\u0582\u0576\u056b \u0565\u0582 \u0578\u0579 \u0574\u0567\u056f \u0576\u057a\u0561\u057f\u0561\u056f \u056f\u0568 \u0570\u0565\u057f\u0561\u057a\u0576\u0564\u0567, \u0562\u0561\u0581\u056b \u0584\u0561\u0576\u0564\u0565\u056c\u0578\u0582 \u0566\u0585\u0580\u0561\u0582\u0578\u0580 \u0581\u0561\u0576\u056f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576 \u0574\u0568: &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2021,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-imasdasiragan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=436"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1704,"href":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/436\/revisions\/1704"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ayo2006.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}